Gonadal sex and animal experimentation: Perfection vs. 3R principle?

3R Principle and Alternative Toxicity Testing Methods

Toxicity tests are essential for evaluating the safety or hazards of several substances. Many of the current toxicity testing methods include the use of animals, especially rodents. However, in the last three decades, there has been an inclination towards using less animals and performing alternative methods that reduce, refine and replace animal use (3R principle). The viewpoint of “reduction”...

Refinement) to Animal Experimentation

341 t4 Workshop Report* A Framework Program for the Teaching of Alternative Methods (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) to Animal Experimentation Mardas Daneshian 1, Mohammad A. Akbarsha 2, Bas Blaauboer 3, Francesca Caloni 4, Pierre Cosson 5, Rodger Curren 6, Alan Goldberg 7, Franz Gruber 8, Frauke Ohl 9, Walter Pfaller 10, Jan van der Valk 11, Pilar Vinardell , Joanne Zurlo , Thomas Hartung ...

Alternatives to Animal Experimentation

This special issue of ALTEX is publicising what the 3R Research Foundation has achieved in the past and what projects are currently underway. This special issue is intended to improve awareness of the projects funded by the Foundation and to provide a training tool. The first section includes updated descriptions of 20 projects from the past ten years. These projects, involving basic research, ...

Alternatives to Animal Experimentation

Animal experimentation and the First Amendment.